Nonton film perang u 900 gibraltar sub indo11/27/2022 It subsequently enjoyed a time of great prosperity and development, known as the Dutch Golden Age, during which it became one of the world's foremost economic, colonial, and naval powers. The Dutch Republic enjoyed contrasting fortune it obtained independence from the Holy Roman Empire and also from Spain (which had directly controlled the Dutch lands despite it not being part of the Holy Roman Empire) thus concluding its 80-year revolt against Spain. Protestant rulers across Europe unanimously condemned the Emperor's action. The Empire soon crushed the perceived Protestant rebellion in the Battle of White Mountain, executing leading Bohemian aristocrats shortly after. Led by Bavaria, these states formed the Catholic League to expel Frederick in support of the Emperor. The southern states, mainly Roman Catholic, were angered by this. Frederick took the offer without the support of the Protestant Union. The Protestant Bohemians ousted the Habsburgs and elected the CalvinistFrederick V, Elector of the Rhenish Palatinate as the new king of the Kingdom of Bohemia. After the so-called Defenestration of Prague deposed the Emperor's representatives in Prague, the Protestant estates and Catholic Habsburgs started gathering allies for war. These events caused widespread fears throughout northern and central Europe, and triggered the Protestant Bohemians living in the then relatively loose dominion of Habsburg Austria (and also with the Holy Roman Empire) to revolt against their nominal ruler, Ferdinand II. In terms of proportional German casualties and destruction, it was surpassed only by the period January to May 1945 one of its enduring results was 19th-century Pan-Germanism, when it served as an example of the dangers of a divided Germany and became a key justification for the 1871 creation of the German Empire (although it excluded the German-speaking parts of the Austro-Hungarian Habsburg empire). The deadly clashes ravaged Europe 20 percent of the total population of Germany died during the conflict and there were losses up to 50 percent in a corridor between Pomerania and the Black Forest. Casualties were overwhelmingly and disproportionately inhabitants of the Holy Roman Empire, most of the rest being battle deaths from various foreign armies. One of the most destructive conflicts in human history, it resulted in eight million fatalities not only from military engagements but also from violence, famine, and plague. The Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 16.
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